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AIM: To investigate the differences in visual recovery, corneal astigmatism, and rotation stability of Toric intraocular lens(TIOL)implantation in cataract patients with different axial lengths.METHODS: Retrospective analysis. A total of 132 patients(132 eyes)with age-related cataract and corneal astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with TIOL implantation in our hospital's ophthalmology department from February 2021 to September 2022 were selected. They were divided into two groups based on the axial length: the group with axial length ≤24mm(79 cases, 79 eyes)and the group with axial length >24mm(53 cases, 53 eyes). Compare the best corrected distance visual acuity(BCDVA), corneal astigmatism, and TIOL rotation between the two groups of patients at 3mo after surgery.RESULT: After 3mo of surgery, both groups of patients had improved BCDVA and significantly decreased corneal astigmatism compared to those before surgery(P<0.001). However, there was no difference in BCDVA and corneal astigmatism between the two groups(P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in TIOL rotation between the two groups [(5.24±3.72)° vs.(6.36±4.21)°, P=0.110].CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in visual recovery, corneal astigmatism, and TIOL rotational stability after TIOL implantation in cataract patients with different axial lengths.
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Purpose@#To investigate the outcomes of patients who underwent surgical correction of congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis in adulthood. @*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 35 patients who underwent surgical correction of congenital superior oblique muscle paralysis after the age of 18 years. At the final follow-up, success was defined as residual hypertropia < 4 prism diopters (PD), whereas failure was defined as residual hypertropia ≥ 5 PD or overcorrection. Clinical features were compared between the success and failure groups to identify factors affecting the surgical outcome. At the final follow-up, the resolution of symptoms, such as head tilt and diplopia, was also recorded. @*Results@#Of the 35 patients, 24 (68.6%) and 11 (31.4%) were classified into the success and failure groups, respectively. Preoperative vertical deviation was larger in the failure group compared to the success group (23.1 vs. 15.2 PD, respectively; p < 0.05). Of the 31 patients with preoperative head tilt, head tilt resolved in 29 (93.5%). Of the 19 patients with diplopia, it resolved in all except 1 who was overcorrected. @*Conclusions@#The preoperative vertical angle of the superior oblique muscle may affect the outcome of surgery performed in adulthood for correcting congenital superior oblique paralysis. Head tilt, diplopia, and subjective symptoms are typically resolved postoperatively.
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Childhood obesity is a global public health problem, which can not only endangers children's health, but also might be an important cause of chronic diseases in adulthood. In recent years, with the in-depth development of precision medicine research, more and more research evidences have shown that there are interactions between environmental factors, such as early intrauterine environment, children's diet, physical activity and children's gene factor on the incidence of childhood obesity, which can result in or inhibit the incidence and development of childhood obesity. This paper summarizes the progress in research in this field to reveal the effects and potential mechanisms of genetic factors and environmental factors on the incidence of childhood obesity in order to provide reference for the precise prevention and control of childhood obesity under different genetic backgrounds.
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Child , Humans , Pediatric Obesity/genetics , Diet , Causality , Exercise , Public HealthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and childhood asthma.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study included 86 children with asthma admitted to the Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July 2020 to August 2022 as the asthma group and 149 healthy children undergoing physical examination during the same period as the control group. Metabolic parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose, as well as general information of the children such as height, weight, body mass index, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, and feeding history, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and asthma. The value of AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for predicting asthma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.@*RESULTS@#The AIP and triglyceride levels in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups (P>0.05). Before and after adjusting for height, weight, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, feeding method, and blood glucose, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with asthma (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value for predicting asthma with AIP was -0.333, with a sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 55.0%, positive predictive value of 50.71%, and negative predictive value of 82.85%. The area under the curve (AUC) for AIP in predicting asthma was significantly higher than that for triglycerides (P=0.009), but there was no significant difference in AUC between AIP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.686).@*CONCLUSIONS@#AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are all associated with asthma. AIP has a higher value for predicting asthma than triglycerides and comparable value to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Humans , Child , Retrospective Studies , Blood Glucose , Triglycerides , Cholesterol, HDL , Cholesterol, LDL , Asthma/etiology , Dermatitis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Purpose@#To report a case of keratitis caused by Brevundimonas diminuta/vesicularis.Case summary: A 20-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity and glare in his right eye from 2 days earlier. At the first visit, slit lamp examination revealed a 1.5 × 1.5 mm2-sized stromal infiltration, an edematous cornea and endothelial deposits in the center of the right eye. Microbiological examinations were performed from corneal scrapings. Treatment was started with topical eye drops (fortified cefazolin, fortified tobramycin) as empirical antibiotics. After several days, the cultures revealed Brevundimonas diminuta/vesicularis. After treatment with empirical antibiotic eye drops, the symptoms and visual acuity improved. @*Conclusions@#We report a case of infectious keratitis caused by Brevundimonas diminuta/vesicularis, which has never previously been reported in the Republic of Korea.
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Dry eye is a multi-factorial disease characterized by reduced tear film stability and ocular surface damage, accompanied by tear hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation.Recent studies suggest that the disruption of protective immune regulation of the ocular surface and imbalance of inflammatory response play a key role in the pathogenesis of dry eye.Immune-mediated inflammation in dry eye has become a hot topic in recent years.Inflammation and dry eye can cause and promote each other, and eventually form a vicious inflammatory cycle, which can result in a constant damage to the normal structure and function of the ocular surface.Suppressing the ocular surface inflammation and breaking the vicious inflammatory cycle are key points in dry eye treatment.This article summarized the immune regulation of ocular surface, and reviewed the recent research progress of immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of dry eye, including the activation of natural killer cells, the activation of Toll-like receptors, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, the activation and maturation of corneal antigen presenting cells, the immune inflammatory response mediated by T cells, etc.This article listed the crucial parts and vital mechanisms of immune-mediated inflammation in dry eye to provide potential therapeutic targets for alleviating the ocular surface damages and discomforts caused by dry eye.
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Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 25% wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate (WPPS) against Oncomelania snails in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions and test its toxicity to fish. Methods In October 2020, a snail-infested setting which had been cleared was selected in Nanjian County, Yunnan Province and divided into several blocks, and the natural snail mortality was estimated. 25% WPPS was prepared into solutions at concentrations of 1 and 2 g/L, and 25% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPNES) was prepared into solutions at a concentration of 2 g/L. The different concentrations of drugs were sprayed evenly, and the same amount of water was used as blank control. Snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3 and 7 days post-treatment, and snail survival was observed. A fish pond was selected in Nanjian County, and 2 kg 25% WPPS was evenly sprayed on the water surface to allow the effective concentration of 20 g/L. Fish mortality was estimated 8, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment. Results One-day treatment with 1 and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNES resulted in 97.99%, 97.99% and 94.11% adjusted snail mortality rates (χ2 = 3.509 and 3.509, both P values > 0.05), and the adjusted snail mortality was all 100% 3 d post-treatment with 1 and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNES, while 7-day treatment with 1 and 2 g/L WPPS and 2 g/L WPNES resulted in 91.75%, 86.57% and 57.76% adjusted snail mortality rates (χ2 = 14.893 and 42.284, both P values < 0.05). Treatment with 2 g/L WPPS for 72 h resulted in a 0.67% cumulative mortality rate of fish. Conclusion 25% WPPS is effective for snail control and highly safe for fish, which is feasible for use in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe clinical effect of calcium sulfate on promoting natural healing of docking sites during bone transport.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was performed on the patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis treated by bone transport and calcium sulfate implantation from January 2013 to January 2018. There were 23 males and 4 females, aged from 20 to 61 years old with an average of (44.30±10.00) years, the courses of disease ranged from 3 to 86 months with an average of(13.26±16.47) months. Sixteen patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis were caused by internal fixation of closed fractures, and 11 patients were caused by open fractures. The length of bone defects after debridement ranged from 4 to 14 cm with an average of(9.11±2.57) cm. Postoperative complications, natural healing rate of the docking sites, external fixation index were observed, Checketts & Otterburn pin-tract infection classification was used to evaluate pin-tract infection, and Paley evaluation criteria was used to evaluate bone and function results.@*RESULTS@#Twenty-seven patients were followed up from 26 to 41 months with an average of (31.32±3.37) months. It did not happened skin embedded between bone stumps in all patients. All patients obtained bone union at (17.78±5.43) months after operation.Among them, 25 patients healed naturally in the docking sites, 2 patients with poor compliance healed after debridement and bone grafting in the docking sites. One patient occurred equines deformity, and no re-fracture or recurrence of infection occurred. According to Checketts & Otterburn pin tract infection classification, 22 patients (41 pin tracts)occurred pin-tract infection with varying degrees. The average external fixation index was (2.02±0.24) months/cm(ranged from 1.6 to 2.4 months/cm). According to Paley evaluation criteria, bony results showed 21 patients obtained excellent results, 5 good, and 1 moderate;functional results showed 19 patients got excellent results, 7 good, and 1 moderate.@*CONCLUSION@#During bone transport, the implantation of calcium sulfate on the bone defect areas could prevent skin embedding between the bone stumps, benefit for the natural healing of the docking sites, and could avoid the second-stage debridement and bone grafting for most patients. However, it should be noted that compliance needs to be increased.
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Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Bone Transplantation , Calcium Sulfate , Fracture Fixation , Horses , Osteomyelitis/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Tibial Fractures , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
To explore the protective effect and mechanism of ethyl acetate extract from Bidens bipinnata on hepatocyte damage induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Tunicamycin was used to establish the damage model in L02 cells. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) colorimetric assay was used to investigate the survival rate of ethyl acetate extract from B. bipinnata in L02 cells injury induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress; the protein expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecule glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase(PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor-2(eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4(ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bal-2 associated X apoptosis regulator(Bax) were examined by Wes-tern blot. The expressions of the above proteins were also detected after endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor(4-phenyl butyric acid) and CHOP shRNA-mediated knockdowns were added. The expressions of GRP78, PERK, CHOP in L02 cells were observed by immunofluorescence method. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract from B. bipinnata could significantly increase the survival rate of L02 cell injury caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress in a dose and time-dependent manner(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression levels of GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP and Bax in the drug treatment groups were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01). After endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor and CHOP shRNA-mediated knockdowns were added, the expression levels of GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Bax in the drug treatment groups were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01), whereas Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01). Immunofluorescence results showed that the expressions of GRP78, PERK, CHOP were consistent with the Western blot method. In conclusion, ethyl acetate extract from B. bipinnata has a significant protective effect on the damage of L02 cells caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the down-regulation of apoptosis in cells through the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Acetates , Apoptosis , Bidens , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Hepatocytes , Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics , eIF-2 Kinase/geneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Glucose control is an important aspect in managing critically ill patients. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of sequential feeding (SF) and continuous feeding (CF) on the blood glucose of critically ill patients.@*METHODS@#A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was adopted in this study. A total of 62 patients who were fed enteral nutritional suspension through gastric tubes were enrolled. After achieving 80% of the nutrition target calories (25 kcal·kg-1·day-1) through CF, the patients were then randomly assigned into SF and CF groups. In the SF group, the feeding/fasting time was reasonably determined according to the circadian rhythm of the human body as laid out in traditional Chinese medicine theory. The total daily dosage of the enteral nutritional suspension was equally distributed among three time periods of 7 to 9 o'clock, 11 to 13 o'clock, and 17 to 19 o'clock. The enteral nutritional suspension in each time period was pumped at a uniform rate within 2 h by an enteral feeding pump. In the CF group, patients received CF at a constant velocity by an enteral feeding pump throughout the study. Blood glucose values at five points (6:00/11:00/15:00/21:00/1:00) were monitored and recorded for seven consecutive days after randomization. Enteral feeding intolerance was also recorded. Non-inferiority testing was adopted in this study, the chi-square test or Fisher test was used for qualitative data, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for quantitative data to determine differences between groups. In particular, a repeated measure one-way analysis of variance was used to identify whether changes in glucose value variables across the time points were different between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant demographic or physiological differences between the SF and CF groups (P > 0.050). The average glucose level in SF was not higher than that in CF (8.8 [7.3-10.3] vs. 10.7 [9.1-12.1] mmol/L, Z = -2.079, P for non-inferiority = 0.019). Hyperglycemia incidence of each patient was more common in the CF group than that in the SF group (38.4 [19.1-63.7]% vs. 11.8 [3.0-36.7]%, Z = -2.213, P = 0.027). Hypoglycemia was not found in either group. Moreover, there was no significant difference during the 7 days in the incidence of feeding intolerance (P > 0.050).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In this non-inferiority study, the average blood glucose in SF was not inferior to that in CF. The feeding intolerance in SF was similar to that in CF. SF may be as safe as CF for critically ill patients.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03439618; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03439618.
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Humans , Infant, Newborn , Blood Glucose , Critical Illness , Energy Intake , Enteral Nutrition , HyperglycemiaABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the indications and clinical effects of tricuspid cone reconstruction and tricuspid valve replacement in the treatment of downward displacement of tricuspid valve (Ebstein anomaly). Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with Ebstein anomaly who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2013 to March 2020 were collected. There were 7 males and 15 females, aged 4-56 (33.68±17.78) years. The patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods: a tricuspid cone reconstruction group (tricuspid valvuloplasty group, n=12) and a tricuspid valve replacement group (n=10). The curative effect of the two operative methods were compared. Results Twenty-two patients underwent surgical treatment under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. One patient died of severe low cardiac output syndrome during operation. Downward displacement of tricuspid septum was found in 22 patients, and downward displacement of tricuspid septum and posterior septum in 21 patients, downward displacement of tricuspid in 8 patients. Twelve patients were treated with tricuspid valvuloplasty, 10 patients with tricuspid valve replacement, and patients with other intracardiac structural malformations were treated at the same time. Postoperative cardiac doppler ultrasound indicated no tricuspid regurgitation in 9 patients, mild regurgitation in 8 patients, and moderate regurgitation in 4 patients. No perivalvular leakage occurred in all patients undergoing valve replacement. Four patients developed degree Ⅲ atrioventricular block after operation, among whom 3 patients recovered to sinus rhythm and 1 patient implanted the permanent pacemaker. Twenty-one patients were cured and discharged after successful operation, and were followed up for 3 to 78 months, with a follow-up rate of 100.0%. During the follow-up period, there was no severe tricuspid regurgitation in tricuspid valvuloplasty group, but mild or moderate regurgitation was found. After tricuspid valve replacement, only 1 patient had mild regurgitation, and the rest patients had no valve regurgitation. Conclusion Tricuspid valvuloplasty and tricuspid valve replacement are effective in the treatment of Ebstein anomaly, and the tricuspid regurgitation is less severe after tricuspid valve replacement operation. The operation method should be selected according to the different anatomical characteristics and condition of tricuspid valve. The combined intracardiac malformation or arrhythmia can be dealt with simultaneously.
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Objective:To study the effect of micro-course teaching combined with teacher standardized patient combined with objective structured clinical examination (TSP/OSCE) on clinical practice teaching of pediatric nursing.Methods:Forty nurses who performed clinical practice in Pediatrics Department from February 2019 to July 2019 were selected as the control group, and traditional teaching was adopted in the group. In addition, 42 nurses who performed clinical practice in Pediatrics Department from August 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research group, and the micro-course teaching combined with TSP/OSCE mode teaching was adopted in the group. Two groups of nurses' theoretical and practical skills assessment results were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to assess nurses' satisfaction with the teaching of pediatric nursing clinical practice training mode. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The research group nurses' theoretical and practical skills assessment scores were better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.000).The nurses in the research group were more satisfied than those in the control group with such eight aspects as improving practical skills, emergency response capabilities, humanistic care and service capabilities, communication skills, and stimulating their interest in nursing learning. There were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The use of micro-teaching combined with TSP/OSCE mode in the clinical practice teaching of pediatric nursing can improve nurses' clinical practice ability and increase nurses' satisfaction in pediatric training.
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Objective@#To investigate the role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in cognitive impairment induced by neuronal damage.@*Methods@#Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect microglia activation, inflammatory factor expression and neuronal damage after gp120 treatment. Neuronal damage and neurocognitive performance in gp120-transgenic mice were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and behavioral analysis, respectively.@*Results@#In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HIV-1 gp120 significantly induced the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and indirectly caused neuronal synaptic shortening and neuronal damage (P<0.05). Compared with wild-type mice, gp120-transgenic mice showed significant cortical and hippocampal glial activation, neuronal loss, dendritic damage and neurocognitive disorders.@*Conclusions@#HIV-1 gp120 might cause neuronal damage through activating the release of inflammatory factor by microglia and involve in neurocognitive impairment.
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Objective Transdifferentiation exists between stromal cells or between stromal cells and cancer cells. Evodiamine and berberine are predominant pharmacological components of pill, a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, playing crucial functions in remolding of tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to explore the effect of combination of evodiamine with berberine (cBerEvo) on the phenotypic transition of colon epithelial cells induced by tumor-associated fibroblasts, as well as the involved mechanisms.Methods Human normal colon epithelial cell line HCoEpiC cells were treated with the prepared conditioned medium of CCD-18Co, a human colon myofibroblast line, to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Phase contrast microscope was used to observe the morphological changes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers including E-cadherin, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were observed with immunofluorescence microscopy. Migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of E-cadherin, vimentin, α-SMA, Snail, ZEB1 and Smads. Results In contrast to the control, the tumor-associated fibroblasts-like CCD-18Co cells induced down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin, α-SMA, Snail and ZEB1 (<0.05), and promoted migration of HCoEpiCs (<0.05), with over expression of Smads including Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3 and Smad4 (<0.05), which were abolished by a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor inhibitor LY364947 and by cBerEvo in a concentration dependent manner. In addition, cBerEvo-inhibited ratios of p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3 were also dose dependent.Conclusion The above results suggest that cBerEvo can regulate the differentiation of colon epithelial cells induced by CCD-18Co through suppressing activity of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway.
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Objective To investigate the role of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 in cognitive im-pairment induced by neuronal damage. Methods Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect microglia activation, inflammatory factor expression and neuronal damage after gp120 treatment. Neu-ronal damage and neurocognitive performance in gp120-transgenic mice were evaluated using immunohisto-chemical staining and behavioral analysis, respectively. Results In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that HIV-1 gp120 significantly induced the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β, and indirectly caused neuro-nal synaptic shortening and neuronal damage (P<0. 05). Compared with wild-type mice, gp120-transgenic mice showed significant cortical and hippocampal glial activation, neuronal loss, dendritic damage and neu-rocognitive disorders. Conclusions HIV-1 gp120 might cause neuronal damage through activating the re-lease of inflammatory factor by microglia and involve in neurocognitive impairment.
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The aim of this paper was to study the specific mechanism of Fangji Huangqi Decoction(FHT) in decreasing uric acid and improving renal function in mice with hyperuricemia(HUA) induced by potassium oxonate, so as to provide theoretical basis for the research and development of drugs for clinical prevention and treatment of HUA and the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. Sixty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 10 mice in each group, namely normal group, model group(250 mg·kg~(-1) potassium oxonate), FHT high, medium and low-dose groups(10 920, 5 460, and 2 730 mg·kg~(-1)) and positive drug allopurinol group(5 mg·kg~(-1)). Drug administration was given once a day for 7 days. On the 6 th day, mice of each group were kept in metabolic cages, and their urine was collected for 24 hours for determination of uric acid, creatinine, and β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) levels. After 7 days, the animals were sacrificed to determine serum uric acid, creatinine β2-MG and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) levels, and their liver and kidney tissues were collected. The liver tissues were used for subsequent determination of xanthine oxidase(XOD) activity, and the kidney tissues were used for subsequent determination of IL-1β levels, pathological tests and related Western blot experiments. In the cell transfection experiment, the cells were divided into blank group, model group(4.8 mmol·L~(-1) uric acid treatment), FHT administration group(4.8 mmol·L~(-1) uric acid+200 μg·mL~(-1) FHT), leucine-rich repeat kinase 1(LRRK1)-small interfering RNA(siRNA) group(4.8 mmol·L~(-1) uric acid+LRRK1-siRNA transfection) and LRRK1-siRNA+FHT group(4.8 mmol·L~(-1) uric acid+LRRK1-siRNA transfection+200 μg·mL~(-1) FHT). After 24 h incubation, the level of IL-1β in the cell supernatant was detected, and the cellular proteins were extracted and used to determine LRRK1, epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), PDZ kinase 1(PDZK1) and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) protein expression levels. The results showed that, FHT could significantly reduce the uric acid, creatinine and β2-MG levels in serum and β2-MG levels in urine, increase the uric acid and creatinine levels in urine, and improve the renal pathological results of the HUA mice, but showed no effect on liver XOD activity; at the same time, we found that the expression level of IL-1β in serum and kidney, NF-κB, LRRK1 and EGFR protein levels in kidney of HUA mice were significantly increased, and the expression level of PDZK1 protein was significantly decreased, while FHT could significantly improve the abnormal expression of these proteins, and FHT increased protein expression of renal organic anion transporter 1(OAT1), OAT3 and ATP bin-ding transporter G2(ABCG2) in HUA mice, but FHT had no effect on the expression of urate transporter 1(URAT1). In the cell transfection experiment, after transfection of LRRK1-siRNA, the levels of IL-1β, EGFR and NF-κB in supernatant were significantly reduced, and the expression of PDZK1 protein was significantly increased. As compared with the LRRK1-siRNA group, the levels of IL-1β, EGFR, PDZK1 and NF-κB did not change significantly with the additional FHT. This study showed that FHT may regulate the renal uric acid transport system through LRRK1 gene, improve the capacity of uric acid excretion, so as to reduce the level of serum uric acid. At the same time, FHT can not only protect the kidney directly, but also in an indirect manner by reducing the level of uric acid.
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Animals , Male , Mice , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hyperuricemia/drug therapy , Kidney , Uric AcidABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To construct a HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mouse model (gp120) with 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (7nAChR) gene knockout.@*METHODS@#The 7nAChR gene knockout mice (7R) were crossed with HIV-1gp120 transgenic mice (gp120) to generate F1 generation mice. We selected the F1 mice with the genotype of 7R/gp120 to mate to obtain the F2 mice. The genotypes of the F3 mice were identified by PCR, and the protein expressions in the double transgenic animal model was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. BV2 cells were treated with gp120 protein and 7nAChR inhibitor, and the expressions of IL-1β and TNF- were detected using ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The results of PCR showed the bands of the expected size in F3 mice. Two F3 mice with successful double gene editing (7R/gp120) were obtained, and immunohistochemistry showed that the brain tissue of the mice did not express 7 nAChR but with high gp120 protein expression. In the cell experiment, treatment with gp120 promoted the secretion of IL-1β and TNF- in BV2 cells, while inhibition of 7nAChR significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β and TNF- ( < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#By mating gp120 Tg mice with 7R mice, we obtained gp120 transgenic mice with 7nAChR gene deletion, which serve as a new animal model for exploring the role of 7nAChR in gp120-induced neurotoxicity.
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Animals , Mice , Disease Models, Animal , Glycoproteins , Mice, Knockout , Mice, Transgenic , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor , MetabolismABSTRACT
Lemuel Shattuck (1793-1859) was a famous American public health reformer, historian and statistician in the mid-19th century. He introduced statistics into the American system of vital statistics registration and promoted the modernization of the United States demographics. In 1850, he submitted Report of a General Plan for the Promoting of Public and Personal Health to the Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts, which built a blueprint for the future development of the American public health system and laid the foundation for the widespread development of the public health movement in the late 19th century. Shattuck is not only a pioneer in the modern American census, but also a leader in public health in the United States.
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Objective To explore the spatial-temporal clustering distribution of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015, so as to provide scientific evidence for the future schistosomiasis control and consolidation of the control achievements. Methods All data pertaining to endemic situation of human and bovine schistosomiasis and snail survey at a township level in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015 were collected. A descriptive epidemiological method and Joinpoint model were used to describe the changing trends of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans, bovine and snails, and the hotspots and clusters of schistosomiasis transmission risk were identified using spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspots analysis and retrospective space-time scan statistic in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015. Results The prevalence of S. japonicum infections appeared a continuous decline in humans, bovine and snails in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015, and the estimated number of schistosomiasis cases reduced from 43 056 in 2004 to 756 in 2015, with a decline rate of 98.24%. There were no acute cases since 2008 and no infected snails since 2014 in Yunnan Province. There were significant differences in the changing trends of human and bovine S. japonicum infections in Yunnan Province between 2012 and 2015 and between 2013 and 2015, respectively using the Joinpoint model (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a spatial autocorrelation in human S. japonicum infections in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2013 (P < 0.01), and the hotspots areas for human S. japonicum infections were mainly distributed in some townships from Dali City, Weishan County and Eryuan County. Retrospective spatial-temporal scanning revealed that S. japonicum human, bovine and snail infections were clustered in 23, 15, 4 townships from Dali City, Weishan County, Eryuan County, Nanjian County and Heqing County, respectively, with relative risks of 6.25 to 28.75 (P < 0.01), which was almost consistent with the cluster areas detected by hotspots analysis. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis significantly reduced in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission. The monitoring and control of schistosomiasis should be intensified in the future in Yunnan Province.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the spatial-temporal clustering distribution of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015, so as to provide scientific evidence for the future schistosomiasis control and consolidation of the control achievements. Methods All data pertaining to endemic situation of human and bovine schistosomiasis and snail survey at a township level in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015 were collected. A descriptive epidemiological method and Joinpoint model were used to describe the changing trends of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans, bovine and snails, and the hotspots and clusters of schistosomiasis transmission risk were identified using spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspots analysis and retrospective space-time scan statistic in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015. Results The prevalence of S. japonicum infections appeared a continuous decline in humans, bovine and snails in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015, and the estimated number of schistosomiasis cases reduced from 43 056 in 2004 to 756 in 2015, with a decline rate of 98.24%. There were no acute cases since 2008 and no infected snails since 2014 in Yunnan Province. There were significant differences in the changing trends of human and bovine S. japonicum infections in Yunnan Province between 2012 and 2015 and between 2013 and 2015, respectively using the Joinpoint model (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a spatial autocorrelation in human S. japonicum infections in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2013 (P < 0.01), and the hotspots areas for human S. japonicum infections were mainly distributed in some townships from Dali City, Weishan County and Eryuan County. Retrospective spatial-temporal scanning revealed that S. japonicum human, bovine and snail infections were clustered in 23, 15, 4 townships from Dali City, Weishan County, Eryuan County, Nanjian County and Heqing County, respectively, with relative risks of 6.25 to 28.75 (P < 0.01), which was almost consistent with the cluster areas detected by hotspots analysis. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis significantly reduced in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission. The monitoring and control of schistosomiasis should be intensified in the future in Yunnan Province.